| Crimean Socialist Soviet Republic Крымская Социалистическая Советская Республика Krymskaja Socialističeskaja Sovetskaja Respublika |
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| Capital | Simferopol | |||
| Language(s) | Russian, Crimean Tatar, Ukrainian, German | |||
| Government | Socialist republic | |||
| Chairman | ||||
| - 1919 | Dmitry Ulyanov | |||
| Legislature | revolutionary committee | |||
| Historical era | Russian Civil War | |||
| - Bolshevik invasion of Crimea and fall of the Second Crimean Regional Government | March–April 1919 | |||
| - Established | May 1919 | |||
| - Offensive by the White Movement's Volunteer army troops | June 1919 | |||
| - Defeat by White Movement | June 1919 | |||
| - Establishment of White control | June 1919 | |||
The Crimean Socialist Soviet Republic[1] (Russian: Крымская Социалистическая Советская Республика or Крымская Советская Социалистическая Республика;[2] Crimean Tatar: Qırım Şuralar Sotsialistik Cumhuriyeti) or the Soviet Socialist Republic of the Crimea[3] was a state allied with Soviet Russia that existed in Crimea for several months in 1919 during the Russian Civil War. It was the second Bolshevik government in Crimea[3] and its capital was Simferopol.[2]
In April 1919, the Bolsheviks invaded Crimea for the second time (the first was in March 1918 and led to the creation of the short-lived Taurida Soviet Socialist Republic). After the liberation of Crimea (with the exception of the Kerch Peninsula) by the 3rd Red Army, a Crimean Regional Party Conference at Simferopol from 28–29 April adopted a resolution forming the Crimean Soviet Socialist Republic and a revolutionary committee government.[2]
By 30 April, the Bolsheviks had occupied the entire peninsula and, on 5 May, the government was formed with Dmitry Ilyich Ulyanov, Vladimir Lenin's brother, as chairman.[2][3] On 1 June, the Crimean SSR joined in military union with soviet republics in Russia, Ukraine, Belorussia, Lithuania, and Latvia.[3]
The republic was declared to be a non-national enitity based on the equality of all nationalities.[2] Nationalization of industry and confiscation of the land of landlords, kulaks, and the church were implemented.[2] The Crimean SSR was more friendly toward the interests of Crimean Tatars than the Taurida SSR had been and leftist Tatars were allowed to take positions in the government.[3]
Starting in late May, Anton Denikin's White Volunteer Army, which had been gaining strength, threatened seizure of Crimea.[2] On 18 June, White forces under Yakob Slashchyov (Яков Слащёв) landed in the area Koktebel and, as a result, the authorities of the Crimean SSR were evacuated from Crimea from 23–26 June and the Whites assumed control of the peninsula.[2] Crimea did not have its own government again until the formation of the South Russian Government by the Whites in February 1920.